Sleep apnea is a type of sleep disorder. The word "apnea" means a cessation in breathing or to stop breathing. According to the National Sleep Foundation, There are two types of sleep apnea: central and obstructive. Central sleep apnea, which is less common, occurs when the brain fails to send the appropriate signals to the breathing muscles to initiate respirations. Obstructive sleep apnea is far more common and occurs when air cannot flow into or out of a person’s nose ormouth, although efforts to breathe continue
Sleep specialists report that the result of apnea or hypopnea (shallow breathing) is a drop in the oxygen level and an increase in the carbon dioxide level in the body. This causes the nervous system to react with a release of adrenaline, endorphins, and other hormones. This, in turn, causes a surge in heart rate and blood pressure which causes the individualto "wake" enough to resume breathing, though the sufferer is rarely aware of each incident. Repeating this dozens or hundreds of times a night leaves the sufferer with a significant sleep debt and excessive daytime sleepiness. The long and short-term effects from continuous activation of the body’s "fight or flight" response can be very serious. Arecent study, "Sleep Apnea and Commercial Motor Vehicle Operators," stated that "Medical research has shown that OSA is asignificant cause of motor vehicle crashes (resulting in a twofold to sevenfold increase in risk) and increases the possibility of an individual having significant health problems such as hypertension, stroke, heart disease, and mood disorders.
A person’s family or coworkers may notice the sufferer exhibiting excessive fatigue and a tendency to fall asleep at inappropriate times, such as in meetings, during conversation, or while driving. They may also notice the person snoring at night or during naps, sometimes not breathing for ten to sixty seconds or more, then snorting or snoring loudly, or gasping, and resuming breathing. They may also notice excessive moodiness or irritability. Excessive weight often (but not always) contributes to the condition. Neither the family nor the individual may suspect a sleep disorder because the person appears to get 7 or 8 hours of sleep. The danger is that although the person believes they have slept soundly, dozens or hundreds of apneas or hypopneashave denied them the deep sleep necessary to restore the body’s systems.
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A physician may recommend weight loss to alleviate the condition, or in some cases surgery to reduce an excess of soft tissue (uvula, tongue, palate, nose, tonsils, etc.) that obstructs the flow of air into or out of a person’s airway. The most common treatment for OSA is use of a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) device. The CPAP provides air under light pressure via a lightweight facemask to keep the airway’s soft tissues open while sleeping. This air splint helps to maintain proper oxygen levels, allows for a deeper more restful sleep, and prevents the heart from being stressedduring the night.
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